تحلیل تطبیقی دموکراتیزاسیون در ایران و ترکیه: مطالعه مرحله تثبیت دموکراتیک با تأکید بر عامل احزاب سیاسی (1980- 2009)

دوره 9، شماره 2
خرداد 1397
صفحه 99-131

نویسندگان

1 گروه جامعه شناسی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

2 دانش آموخته دکتری جامعه شناسی سیاسی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، استادیار گروه علوم سیاسی دانشگاه پیام نور تهران

3 گروه علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

چکیده
موضوع این مقاله تحلیل مرحله تثبیت دموکراتیک در دو کشور ایران و ترکیه است. با تمرکز بر وضعیت احزاب سیاسی، چرایی توقف ایران در وضعیت گذار و آغاز مرحله تثبیت در ترکیه تبیین شده است. مدل نظری پژوهش با مروری بر نظریه‌های دموکراتیزاسیون، تثبیت دموکراسی و احزاب سیاسی تنظیم و براساس آن فرضیه «احزاب سیاسی نهادمند، شرط لازم برای تثبیت دموکراتیک» فرموله شده است. احزاب سیاسی نهادمند با رواج اشکال قانونی و مدنی فعالیت سیاسی، آموزش ارزش‌های مشارکت، همکاری و تساهل و کاهش مداخله نیروهای غیرسیاسی مثل نظامیان، در آغاز مرحله تثبیت دموکراسی تعیین‌کننده هستند.

پژوهش با روش تطبیقی تاریخی و در دو سطح درون سیستمی و بین سیستمی انجام شده است. طبق شواهد تفاوت در سطح نهادمندی احزاب سیاسی در ترکیه و ایران در تفاوت تجربه آنها در عبور از مرحله گذار دموکراتیک تأثیر داشته است. در ترکیه از اوایل سال 2001 و به طور خاص پس از پیروزی حزب عدالت و توسعه در انتخابات پارلمانی 2002 حرکت در مسیر تثبیت دموکراتیک تسهیل شد، در حالی که ضعف نهادمندی احزاب سیاسی در ایران موجب شده است دموکراتیزاسیون در مرحله گذار باقی بماند و تثبیت دموکراسی آغاز نشود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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