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With the arrival of waves of modernization in the Ottoman generally cultural, political and social life of muslems changed and the backgrounds of problems due to the confrontation between tradition and modernity and subsequently sociology emerged. Sociology in Turkey was raised in response to questions that have arisen in connection with the crisis expanded in intellectual, political and military life of the Ottoman Empire. The most important questions in the course are as follows: Why is collapsing Ottoman Empire? What is the government's rescue remedy? (Berkes: 1936). Intellectual efforts of scholars of the period for responding to these questions lead to the emergence of three main streams westernism, Turkism and Islamism. Thus the emergence of sociology in Turkey is linked with the development process of Westernism, Islamism and Turkism followed the decline of the Ottomanism policy. In this paper an overview of the history of the establishment of sociology in Turkey until now and expression of the problems encountered in Sociology in Turkey from the past to now are among the objectives that were studied.

Keywords: Turkey, Turkism, Ziya Gokalp, Niyazi Berkes

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