Shah Abbas of Safavid dynasty, with a powerful government as the result of the sharing of slaves in power, and giving them military posts; suppressed the force and elements of violence, and gradually strengthened security throughout his realm; roads were fairly safe , theft , killing and robbery was reduced and Trade and transport prospered. Accordingly, some historians describe Abbas's era as golden age and the economic flowering of the Safavid period. this conception is directed towards the institutional changes of shah abbas in the political and Social sphere which led to political centrality, road security, construction of Caravanserais and markets, the creation of cities and the establishment of trade relations with foreign countries. although these measures were favourable to the development of trade, and as a result of the reforms, great development occurred in business and The trade boom followed in the short - term but, however, was the kind of economic reform that led to the long - term accumulation of capital and stable economic growth. this is due to institutional barriers which North are divided into formal and informal constraints. this study examines the institutional changes and business conditions and the position of merchants in Shah Abbas I first regarding the theory of Douglas North and tries to examine the economic situation in Iran in the age of Shah Abbas with the theory of New Institutionalism and based on the theory of Adaptition with Linda Hutcheon.

The aim of this study is to examine economic power in the Qajar era as part of Michael Mann's quadruple social power approach. Michael Mann distinguishes four sources of power: political, ideological, military and economic. The art of the research is qualitative and its method are Bibliography, Which is carried out with the analytical method of Michael Mann. According to Mann, the four sources of social power are measured using various indicators. The main assumption of the research is that there are four sources of power in the Qajar era. Economic power is one of the most important sources of power in the Qajar era. The four sources of power and consequently the social impact of these sources of power, namely the court, the clergy, the chiefs of the tribes and nomads and the merchants, were in close and constant contact with one another. The results of the research show that the social representatives of economic power, business people, tried to maintain their independence in interaction and confrontation with other representatives of social sources of power such as the court, clerics and tribal and tribal leaders. Such conflicts led to an overlap of social actors, the two sources of economic and ideological power, the merchants and the clergy. The constitutional revolution and the tobacco movement were the end result of an overlap, followed by the collaboration of social agents from two sources of economic and ideological power as opposed to political power.