2024-03-29T13:27:26+04:30 http://jhs.modares.ac.ir/browse.php?mag_id=1079&slc_lang=fa&sid=25
1079-22182 2024-03-29 10.1002
Journal of Historical Sociology JHS 2322-1941 2476-6798 2017 9 2 Political–Economic Conditions of Parthian the latest battle with the Romans Based on the Study of Khosrow II Silver Coins by XRF Hejebri@modares.ac.ir Coin is a written, valid and full content document that its investigation is essential from various aspects. Accordingly, the coins are one of the most important research tools and methods for recognition the history, culture and civilization that help to introduce and analyze the social, cultural, economic and political situations of each course. In this study, the results of elemental analysis of 6 one Drachma coins of Khosrow II and 11 silver coins belong to Septimius and his wife Julia Domana by XRF method have been reported. These results show a drop in purity percentage of silver in the Khosrow II coins and weight reduction in Septimius and his wife Julia Domana silver coins. The cause of these fluctuations must be searched in the beginning of 5 year war of Iran and Rome which led to defeat of the Persians and recapturing Cteisphon by Romans at the end of the year 197 AD.. The cause of these fluctuations must be searched in the beginning of 5 year war of Iran and Rome which led to defeat of the Persians and recapturing Cteisphon by Romans at the end of the year 197 AD Parthian Empire ,Khosrow II ,Silver Coins ,XRF Method "Parthian Empire" "Khosrow II" "Silver Coins " "XRF Method" 2017 6 01 1 27 http://jhs.modares.ac.ir/article-25-22182-en.pdf
1079-22181 2024-03-29 10.1002
Journal of Historical Sociology JHS 2322-1941 2476-6798 2017 9 2 Socio-political Structure of Shahr-e Sukhteh in the 3rd Millennium B.C. kamyar.abdi@gmail.com ganji_shadi@yahoo.com The study of complex societies between prehistoric archaeologists is in the basins of attraction, these years.  Approach to this issue with different attitudes has been led to variety of methods, classifications and terms stated in tens of articles, books and speeches. When archaeologist speak about sociocultural complexity usually rank societies on the scales of complexity. Power relation and political economy in complex societies have discussed the position of nobles, king or rulers and through these discussions are born consepts such as hiararchy and heterarchy. Referring to predefined models, In Study of sociopolitical structure of archaic societies doesn’t allow researchers to see the differences between societies. Based on evidences that we will mention, Shahr-i Sokhta is one of those societies that in 3rd millennium BC, is different in form and organization from synchronic societies. In this article, we will pay our attention to evidences such as architecture, burials, administration artifacts and Settlement pattern influenced by sociopolitical structure in Shahr-i Sokhta, to understand what kind of power relation and sociopolitical structure belongs to this society and whether they were organized by a ruler or nobles.   Sociopolitical structure Shahr-i Sokhta 3rd millennium BC hierarchy heterarchy 2017 6 01 29 64 http://jhs.modares.ac.ir/article-25-22181-en.pdf
1079-22179 2024-03-29 10.1002
Journal of Historical Sociology JHS 2322-1941 2476-6798 2017 9 2 Perspective in the Sasanian Rock Reliefs: Technique or a Political intention? m_mousavi@modares.ac.ir sorur_khorashadi@yahoo.com jneyestani@modares.ac.ir seyyed_rasool@yahoo.com Two fundamental features of the Sasanian monumental art, i.e. the realism and positional tradition, have been represented in rock reliefs of that time in the best manner, so that they have created a semiotic cryptic system together. Concept mining of this semiotic system will be achieved by appealing to a context-oriented approach and benefiting from the contextual continuum (comparative picturology). What underlay this research was the optical illusion resulted from implementing the perspective in the rock relief of Bahram II in Naqsh-i Rustam, Fars. This issue, which has misled the researchers in characterology of some figures, is highly controversial. Why the Sasanian artist has sometimes intentionally implemented an unnecessary perspective? Results of the studies indicate that artistic tricks such as perspective have also played the role of a sign in these artworks; as this trick in Bahram II rock relief in Nadsh-i Rustam, without any perspective, is merely accompanied by a political implication based upon the right of crown prince. The objectified perspective in the rock relief of Shapur I in Naqsh-i Rajab, Fars province, is also the evidence indicating the priority in the right of crown prince position. Sasanian Rock Reliefs Perspective Right of Crown Prince Position Descent Right. 2017 6 01 65 98 http://jhs.modares.ac.ir/article-25-22179-en.pdf
1079-16467 2024-03-29 10.1002
Journal of Historical Sociology JHS 2322-1941 2476-6798 2017 9 2 Comparative analysis of democratization in Iran and Turkey: The study of democratic consolidation phase with emphasis on political parties factor (1980- 2009) Saeia@modares.ac.ir azam moghadas A.moghadas@pnu.ac.ir Ghaffari@modares.ac.ir This research attempts to explain the democratic consolidation in Iran and Turkey. To this end, the following research question is proposed: why Iran has stopped in transition phase and Turkey has moved toward consolidation.The theoretical model is extracted from the theories of democratization, consolidation of democracy, civil society and political parties. Based on the theoritical model, the hyphothesis of article is formulated: the institionalized political parties are the necessary condition for democratic consolidation. The institionalized political parties would reduce non-civilian actors and activities and is fertile ground to spreading democratic values such as toleration, moderation, trust and cooperation. The method in this article is historical comparative study. According to the emprical evidence, difference between the level of political parties’ institutionalization in Iran and Turkey has produced different results in terms of democratic consolidation in the two countries. In Turkey, since early 2000s, especially after the victory of the Justice and Development Party in the 2002 parliamentary elections, moving towards democratic consolidation phase has facilated, whereas the weakness of political parties’ institutionalization has caused democratization in Iran to cease in transition zone.   Democratization democratic consolidation institionalized political parties Iran Turkey. 2017 6 01 99 131 http://jhs.modares.ac.ir/article-25-16467-en.pdf
1079-22136 2024-03-29 10.1002
Journal of Historical Sociology JHS 2322-1941 2476-6798 2017 9 2 Social-Political Structure and Administrative Organization of Median kingdom jalilianshahram@yahoo.com Medians were a group of Indo-Iranians in middle Asia who progressed to Zagros Mountains in the early centuries of the first millennium B.C. and settled in the west and north-west of Iran plateau. The geographical expansion of their settlement was called Media. Although the ancient Mesopotamian texts from 10th to 7th centuries B.C. referred to several big and small castles and realms of certain governors all over the west and north-west of Iran plateau and revealed that Medians resided in Media and have a tribal life structure, Greek records referred to Median kingdom as a powerful and well-organized kingdom with developed cultural institutions and administrative organizations. Today we know that these records on organizations, cultural institutions, and administrative organizations of Medians were a display of institutions and organizations of Achaemenids era which were ascribed to Medians. Median kingdom in a long span of its transient history had a disintegrated structure and a confederation of Median tribes and people with Mesopotamian cultura in Media, with no stable cultural and political institutions and organizations. In this paper, it is discussed that how Median kingdom as a first kingdom of Iranian Arians in the west of Iran plateau was founded and the social-political structure and administrative organization of Median kingdom will be studied. Assyrians Medians Achaemenids Political and Cultural Structures Administrative Organizations 2017 6 01 133 158 http://jhs.modares.ac.ir/article-25-22136-en.pdf
1079-14890 2024-03-29 10.1002
Journal of Historical Sociology JHS 2322-1941 2476-6798 2017 9 2 Assessment of property rights in the Safavid era(with New Institutional Douglass North Ideas) aliakbarkajbaf@yahoo.co.uk foroughi.history@gmail.com mojtaba mansoorian mojtaba_mansoorian61@yahoo.com Property right play basic role in the analysis of Douglass North’s new institutional about economic growth and decline of societies in different historical periods. In the concept of the property right, the issue of monopoly is important, Therefore there is costs for the possessor. In North’s view, guaranteed property rights that supported by the government and its interests are more than  its costs, cause to economic growth. In the Safavid era the costs of property rights due to issues such as tax, seizures, etc., has often been more than assets profits. In other hand the safavid government placed the ownership of productive resources at the disposal of the elites ring and especially the king, and tried to control the trade. There were many forms of land tenure in the Safavid period that all of them had a common feature: land belonged to the king. Therefore the Safavid government has been a major obstacle against development and evolution of property right. Whenever with same type of inefficient property rights, government caused security, economic situation was improving. This article after giving theoretical frame, intends to review assessment of property right in Safavid era with due attention to costs of property right and role of government via descriptive –analytic method based on library information. Property Right Institution Safavid State Douglass North 2017 6 01 159 183 http://jhs.modares.ac.ir/article-25-14890-en.pdf
1079-15446 2024-03-29 10.1002
Journal of Historical Sociology JHS 2322-1941 2476-6798 2017 9 2 New discourse of education and the emergence of modern schooling in Qajar dynasty velashedi@gmail.com mmohammadi87@yahoo.com It is possible to cast studies on the formation of new schools in Iran into three categories: modernization, state-oriented, and anti-colonialist approaches. All these analyses, in general, are flawed, mainly due to reductionism, simplification of causes, or subject-oriented analysis. In these researches, historical complexities and details, usually, to be lacked, and in turn, a simplified explanation is rendered as the main factor of the emergence of new school in Iran. In looking for a more complicated narrative, we try to illustrate some effective forces through which the birth of new school has made possible. Although we never deny the importance of historical factors which are at the center of previous investigations, we content that new birth requires focus on a more broad discursive transformation in which the necessity for new education, not only by the state but also by the other part of society, is distinguished. Therefore, the birth of new school, in contest with the long-lasting religious and traditional Maktabs, cannot be analyzed by appealing to a final historical subject like the intelligentsia, Qajar state or Christian missioners, but historical necessities and new arrangement of historical forces. Cultivation of state (or Shah), mobilization of army and technologies, and finally, education of the nation, are three important elements in the course of this discourse. Based on a conjunctural analysis, in this article, we tried to shed light on the issue. conjunctural analysis cultivation of state education of the nation Iran Maktab mobilization of army modern schooling modernization Qajar 2017 6 01 185 211 http://jhs.modares.ac.ir/article-25-15446-en.pdf