@article{ author = {Ghaneirad, MohammadAmi}, title = {A Sociological Analysis of the Formation of Empirical Methodology in the Islamic Period}, abstract ={This article, using a sociological perspective, attempts to understand the application of empirical methods in the Iranian-Islamic golden age, especially during 130-500 Hegri. It distinguishes different approaches to rational knowledge and laying emphasis on empirical science in the mentioned period. The theoretical framework of the present paper is the sociology of science, especially the interpretative sociology of science in the Weberian and Mertonian traditions. This framework provides the possibility of studying internal cultural factors, beyond cultural exchange and external transfer of scientific knowledge. The author, through studying the history of natural sciences and humanities at the Iranian-Islamic golden age, shows how applying empirical methodology of science to, for example, historical, geographical, and anthropological knowledge, have been influenced by the social interpretation of prophetic religion. In particular, it is indicated that the cultural elements of social belonging, equality and mutual understanding of Shoobieh ethics influenced the above mentioned areas of scientific endeavor.}, Keywords = {Science in Iran,Cultural penetration,Interpretative sociology of science,Social belonging,Equality,Mutual understanding,Science in Islamic period}, volume = {1}, Number = {1}, pages = {1-46}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jhs.modares.ac.ir/article-25-6341-en.html}, eprint = {http://jhs.modares.ac.ir/article-25-6341-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Historical Sociology}, issn = {2322-1941}, eissn = {2476-6798}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Moidfar, Said and Jahangiri, Parvis}, title = {Generalized social confidence and its influential social factors The case of Urmia}, abstract ={The aim of this paper is to investigate the influence of social factors on generalized social confidence among Urmia residents. The population of this study included all members of families who lived in city of Urmia in Iran and, at the time of investigation, were more than 18 years old. Among this population a sample of 300 people were selected and were asked to complete a questionnaire constructed for this investigation. Using Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis, the results indicate that the independent variables of articulated interactions, expansion of relations, social obligations, and social acceptance influence the dependent variable of generalized confidence. It has been concluded that, the theory of social confidence that considers human being as both rational and emotional and investigates social confidence on this suggestion has been experimentally supported. Finally, it is of our findings that level of generalized social confidence among Urmia residents was shown to be low.}, Keywords = {Keywobligation social acceptance,Urmia.ords: Social confidence,Generalized confidence,Social capital,Social}, volume = {1}, Number = {1}, pages = {47-67}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jhs.modares.ac.ir/article-25-4276-en.html}, eprint = {http://jhs.modares.ac.ir/article-25-4276-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Historical Sociology}, issn = {2322-1941}, eissn = {2476-6798}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Sarokhani, Bagher and JahaniDolatAbad, Esmaeel}, title = {The structure of human relationships in the family and emigration tendency}, abstract ={adopted here is Social Distance Theory. According to this view, the more social distance among people the less they influence each other. From this viewpoint an increase in social distance among kinsfolk leads to a decrease in mutual influence and this, in turn, affect the emigration tendency. This study is aimed at the investigation of the relationship between kinship solidarity and emigration tendency among educated people. The theoretical framework Based on this theoretical foundation, we have suggested that 4 main variables, the size of kinship network, the strength of kinship relationship, the frequency of kinship relationship, and the profundity of kinship relationship, have negative influences on educated people’s tendency to emigrate. A sample of social sciences and electrical engineering students of the University of Tehran has been surveyed and the empirical data have been analysed both in description and explanation levels. The results indicate that all of the above mentioned variables affect emigration tendency negatively and significantly. Also, our findings suggest that, generally speaking, a negative correlation between the above independent variables and dependent variable of emigration tendency is predictable. In particular, two variables (the strength of kinship relationship, and the profundity of kinship relationship) explain 35% of variances of dependent variable of the tendency to emigrate.}, Keywords = {Emigration,Brain drain,Size of kinship network,Strength of kinship relationship,Frequency of kinship relationship,Profundity of kinship relationship}, volume = {1}, Number = {1}, pages = {69-92}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jhs.modares.ac.ir/article-25-11420-en.html}, eprint = {http://jhs.modares.ac.ir/article-25-11420-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Historical Sociology}, issn = {2322-1941}, eissn = {2476-6798}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {NejatiHosseini, Sayyed Mahmou}, title = {Jurgen Habermas: From Liberal Law-Ethics to Discursive Law-Democracy}, abstract ={In this paper it is argued that the idea of “from socio-political to supported by Habermas has raised much theoretical and practical challenges. One of these challenges concerns with Habermasian trilogy of between facts and norms, communicative action, and discursive ethics. In the present paper the author, instead of liberal law-ethics theories, has concentrated on discursive law-democracy theory as an alternative to the first ones. To support this argument the writer has attempted to show and explain both the normative analytical merits of the chosen and supported theory and its limitations.ethical-legal}, Keywords = {Habermas,Political sociology,Political philosophy,DiscuCommunicative action,Discursive law,Democracy,Liberal law,Ethicsrsive ethics}, volume = {1}, Number = {1}, pages = {93-124}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jhs.modares.ac.ir/article-25-4587-en.html}, eprint = {http://jhs.modares.ac.ir/article-25-4587-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Historical Sociology}, issn = {2322-1941}, eissn = {2476-6798}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Yousofi, Ali and AsgharpoorMasole, Ahmadrez}, title = {Ethnocentrism and its effect on interethnic relationships in Iran A secondary analysis}, abstract ={Ethnocentrism is a kind of cultural belief, according to which an indivivalues, norms and life style of his/her own ethnic group superior to the other ones. Eethnocentrism is based on some stereotypes and in multiethnic societies, it hinders the development of interethnic social relationships. In this paper a secondary analysis of available data about eight Iranian ethnic groups of Azari, Kord, Lor, Arab, Fars, Balooch, Torkman and Talesh is done and the results indicate that ethnocentric attitude is high among all of the mentioned groups. The lowest and highest rates of ethnocentrism can be attributed to Arabs and Balooch ethnic groups respectively. Considering the effect of ethnocentrism on interethnic relations, our findings show that ethnocentrism weakens intensity, quantity and generality of communal, cultural and political interethnic relationships and increases conflict interethnic relationships. In addition ethnocentrism is an impediment to the formation of collective identity among the investigated ethnic groups. dual takes the}, Keywords = {Ethnic groups,Ethnocentrism,Interethnic relationships}, volume = {1}, Number = {1}, pages = {125-144}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jhs.modares.ac.ir/article-25-7664-en.html}, eprint = {http://jhs.modares.ac.ir/article-25-7664-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Historical Sociology}, issn = {2322-1941}, eissn = {2476-6798}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Safiri, Khadijeh and Imanian, Sar}, title = {A Sociological Study of Health and Illness, Investigating Health-Related Behaviors among Female Students of Tehran and Alzahra Universities}, abstract ={This paper is a sociological study of heamong female students. A sample of 110 female students (62 students from Alzahra alth, illness, and health-related behaviors -a single sex university located in Tehran- and 48 students from University of Tehran) were deeply interviewed. Using grounded theory the interview-based information was analyzed. Findings suggest that health is believed to be the most important issue in life in terms of both mental and physical meanings. The female students who were interviewed describe illness differently. While one group knows it as something reducing the quality of life, the other group views it as a kind of God punishment. Regarding health-related behaviors, according to the results, female students ignore illness symptoms, kill pain temporarily and, by appearing beautiful, try to indicate they are mentally healthy. These lead to further dominance of male culture, risky life style and threaten social health. The above described views and behaviors among female students are influenced by low self-esteem, socialization, family interdependence and industrial life.}, Keywords = {Health,Illness,Health-related behavior,Female students}, volume = {1}, Number = {1}, pages = {145-166}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jhs.modares.ac.ir/article-25-11512-en.html}, eprint = {http://jhs.modares.ac.ir/article-25-11512-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Historical Sociology}, issn = {2322-1941}, eissn = {2476-6798}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Saee, Ali}, title = {Fuzzing Theory of Democracy}, abstract ={This paper is focused on fuzzy theory of democracy. Here, it has been argued that the theory of democracy provides a two-valued description of political order (democratic or non democratic).However, this account of democracy is not consistent with the scientific truth. Democracy is characterized by fuzzy truth. Thus, following a critical discussion on the epistemology of critical rationality, a fuzzy epistemic apparatus has been formulated. Considering the fuzzy epistemology, it has been claimed that on this epistemic horizon, every thing is relatively calibrated and truth is something between zero and one. Also, in the mentioned apparatus, the black and white truth transforms into a gray truth and all follow the principle of uncertainty. Consequently, in the fuzzy epistemology, the membership function of zero and one will be generalized to a fuzzy membership based on a range of zero and one. To support the above mentioned epistemic apparatus, the writer of the paper has provided an empirical argument. The evidences the writer provides indicate that democracy as a truth represents values in the range of zero to one. The value of zero represents a completely non democratic country and the value of one represents a full democratic one. Any other value between zero to one is an indicator of a mixed category consisting of both democratic and non democratic aspects. Finally, based on the empirical evidences, it has been concluded that the U.S.A, England, Japan, Turkey, India, France, and Iran (1998-2003) are of democratic countries, albeit the kind and degree of democracies vary}, Keywords = {Epistemology,Epistemic apparatus of critical rationality,Fuzzy theory of democracy,Fuzzy logic,fuzzy membership function}, volume = {1}, Number = {1}, pages = {167-191}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jhs.modares.ac.ir/article-25-1751-en.html}, eprint = {http://jhs.modares.ac.ir/article-25-1751-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Historical Sociology}, issn = {2322-1941}, eissn = {2476-6798}, year = {2009} }