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Exchange and trade have had an important role in the progress of human society. Since exchange is the result of production, and production began for the first time in Iranian Neolithic, thus Iran is the center of the first exchanges in the world. Near Easern Neolithic is known as the era of food-production revolution. Gordon Child has identified three revolutions during the human history. The first one is called “food production revolution”, which has happened in Iranian Neolithic. The secand revolution is “urnaban revolution” belenging to the Bronze Age of Near East and Iran. The third is “industrial revolution”, which was occurred in Europe. In this article, we will consider exchange and trade during the first revolution period. This paper has tried to explain the following: Introducing the Neolithic age with economic approach; Explain scientific theories about trade in the prehistoric era; Identify common models about trade and adapted models of the Iranian Neolithic and Chalcolithic eras; Analyze and explain the oldest commercial material of the world, (Obsidian) based on the archaeological findings of Iran; Study, the first counting objects and commercial seals at the Sites like sialk Kashan and Goytappe in Western Azarbaijan.

Keywords: Neolithic, Trade, Iran, Societies

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